Trois articles pour comprendre Charlottesville

1. L’enjeu actuel

« The simple fact of the matter is that the world has never built a multiethnic democracy in which no particular ethnic group is in the majority and where political equality, social equality and economies that empower all have been achieved. We are engaged in a fight over whether to work together to build such a world. And even those who are, in principle, willing to build that world are fighting with one another, for instance, over issues such as how the compelling state interest in nondiscrimination, confirmed by the Supreme Court decades ago, interacts with rights of association and speech.

This fight is different than our earlier ones because this time everyone begins from the psychological position of fearing to be a member of a vulnerable minority. Experiences of uncertainty, anxiety and endangerment are widely spread. Out of such soil grows the poison plant of extremism. »

Article complet : Charlottesville is not the continuation of an old fight. It is something new, Washington Post, 13 août 2017

2. Le contexte démographique

« Selon un résultat d’analyse de la démographie américaine réalisée par le Centre de Recherche PEW, la communauté hispanique représente près de 50 % de la croissance de la population américaine en 2017. […] On estime qu’en 2044, les blancs non hispaniques seront minoritaires aux Etats-Unis [où] un tiers de la population sera latino.
[…] il y a bien une hispanisation de l’Amérique. La croissance de la population hispanique est continue. Il peut y avoir, politiquement, la volonté de freiner, de ralentir cette croissance. C’est un petit peu l’objectif de la victoire de Donald Trump. On a vu ce dernier sous le slogan Make America Great Again. Mais pour beaucoup de ses électeurs, ils ont entendu Make America White Again. Pour l’instant, on a fait peu de sujets dessus, mais la grande affaire de la rentrée sera la loi anti-immigration qui est initiée au Congrès. Ce qui est soutenu par Donald Trump, c’est le plan de division par deux de l’immigration d’ici 10 ans. »

Article complet : Comment la croissance démographique de la minorité hispanique va transformer le visage des Etats-Unis , F. Durpaire, Atlantico, 11 août 2017

NDLR : on peut consulter aussi les projections du US Census Bureau faites en 2014 :
https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2015/demo/p25-1143.pdf

3. Le contexte historique

« The last time fascism was brazenly embraced was in the 1930s. […] The three big factors that drove the spread of American fascism at that time are still relevant for America today :

• a major economic depression and social dislocation that undermined people’s confidence in democracy and led them to look for alternatives.
• the fear of communism, which led many leading intellectuals to embrace fascism as a bulwark against Bolshevism and as the lesser of two evils.
• the rise of Nazi Germany as an economic and military powerhouse. […] the widespread perception of German success attracted admirers […] »
• NDLR : on pourrait ajouter que la préoccupation raciale des nazis faisait écho à celle d’un certain nombre d’américains, dans un pays où régnait la ségrégation raciale.

« Even though these three factors no longer exist, similar problems lurk under the surface of modern political life, problems that could conceivably drive a resurgence of fascist movements :

• The overall U.S. economy has been performing well, but levels of inequality continue to rise. Wide areas of America are increasingly mired in permanent unemployment and a massive drug epidemic.
• Few people worry about the communist threat today. Yet fear of communism has been replaced by fear of globalists and elite technocrats (still often tinged with anti-Semitism) who supposedly seek to undermine and control the lives of ordinary Americans.
• […] the appearance of an ideological rival that seemed to outperform America’s corrupt democracy […] China, in which a capitalist system of production is undergirded by state ownership and guidance, with little room for democracy. »

Article complet : These are the three reasons fascism spread in 1930s America – and might spread again today , Washington Post, 12 août 2017

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